Cerebral ischemia and hypoxia cause damage to nerve cell membranes, resulting in rapid loss of potassium, sodium, calcium and chloride ions into the cells, activate phospholipase, increase the amount of catecholamines, thus making lipolysis, fatty acids in the blood to increase the water in brain cells and edema.
Ginkgo biloba extract contains flavonoid glycosides, terpene lactones and monomer lactones, which can inhibit platelet activation, scavenge free radicals, enhance local blood circulation in the brain, and alleviate the occurrence of cerebral edema.
Ginkgo biloba extract can prevent the excessive production of interleukin and reduce the aggregation of neutrophils, thus inhibiting inflammatory reactions and protecting neurons.
Glutamate is the main excitatory substance, which can cause the increase of intracellular calcium ions and chain reaction resulting in neuronal death. Ginkgo biloba extract not only inhibits the production of excitatory transmitters, but also protects cells from neurotoxicity and inhibits the increase of calcium ions, thus protecting neurons.
Ginkgo biloba extract can promote the brain's reuptake of hippocampal choline and inhibit the loss of receptors in brain cells. At the same time, it can protect the mitochondria in ischemic area from damage, increase the blood flow and metabolic rate of ischemic brain tissues, enhance the cerebral blood circulation, improve the oxygen supply to the brain, so as to improve the memory.
Ginkgo biloba extracts ginkgolides, ginkgolides, bilobalide and other components can play a sedative, hypnotic effect, can be used to treat insomnia, excessive dreaming and other symptoms, so Ginkgo biloba can play a role in promoting sleep.
Ginkgo biloba extract prevents thrombosis by inhibiting the production of factors that reduce fibrinolytic enzymes. In addition, it can increase local blood supply to the brain, enhance brain metabolism, and reduce thromboxane levels.
In addition, it can increase catecholamines, thereby preventing the vasoconstrictive effects of endothelin and thromboxane, and expanding blood flow. It reduces ischemia and hypoxia, increases the morphology of blood erythrocytes, reduces blood viscosity, and inhibits the occurrence of cerebral thrombosis.
5. Improvement of neuroinflammation
Neuroinflammation is caused by the release of inflammatory factors and neurotoxic factors by activated microglia and peripheral invading T cells. Inflammatory factors released by cells under normal conditions will protect nerve cells, excessive activation of inflammatory cells can release inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α, nitric oxide, etc., causing neuronal morphology changes resulting in neuronal apoptosis.
Ginkgo biloba extract inhibits IL-1-induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/nitric oxide chemokines and directs the degradation of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase. Several clinical studies have shown that ginkgolides and ginkgolide acid can inhibit the production of inflammatory factors by BV-2 glial cells by modulating the TLRs /MyD88 /NF-κB signaling pathway.



